About ADHD

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 What is ADHD?

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a chronic neurodevelopmental condition that affects both children and adults. Characterised by symptoms such as inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, ADHD impacts daily life, work, school, and relationships. ADHD can vary significantly from person to person, with some individuals primarily experiencing inattention, while others may show hyperactivity and impulsivity.

It’s estimated that about 5-8% of children and 2-3% of adults globally are affected by ADHD, although many go undiagnosed, particularly adults. Understanding ADHD, its symptoms, and the options available for diagnosis and treatment is crucial for those affected, as well as for families, educators, and employers.

The Three Types of ADHD

ADHD can be classified into three subtypes:

1. Predominantly Inattentive Type (ADD) – Often referred to as ADD, this subtype is marked by challenges in focus, organisation, and completing tasks. People with this type tend to daydream, miss details, and have trouble following through on projects.

2. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type – This form of ADHD is characterised by restlessness, fidgeting, and impulsive behaviour. Individuals with this type may struggle to sit still, frequently interrupt others, or act without thinking through the consequences.

3. Combined Type – This is the most common type of ADHD and includes symptoms from both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive categories.

Signs and Symptoms of ADHD

While ADHD symptoms vary between individuals, they typically fall into two main categories: inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Here’s a breakdown of common signs and symptoms:

Inattention Symptoms:

• Difficulty sustaining attention on tasks or activities.

• Easily distracted by external stimuli or irrelevant thoughts.

• Frequent forgetfulness in daily activities (e.g., missing appointments).

• Trouble following instructions and completing tasks.

• Struggles with organisation (e.g., messy workspaces, misplaced items).

• Avoidance of tasks that require sustained mental effort (e.g., schoolwork, reports).

Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Symptoms:

• Fidgeting, tapping, or difficulty sitting still.

• Interrupting others or difficulty waiting their turn.

• Restlessness, particularly in situations that require stillness (e.g., meetings).

• Difficulty engaging in activities quietly.

• Impulsive decision-making without considering consequences.

ADHD in Children vs. Adults

ADHD in Children:

In children, ADHD symptoms often become noticeable in early school years. Hyperactivity and impulsivity tend to be more pronounced, making it easier to identify ADHD early. Parents or teachers may first notice symptoms such as excessive fidgeting, difficulty following rules, or trouble staying seated during class.

ADHD in Adults:

In adults, ADHD often presents differently. Hyperactivity may decrease, but symptoms like disorganisation, procrastination, and trouble managing time can persist. Many adults with ADHD have lived with the condition undiagnosed for years, often attributing their challenges to stress, anxiety, or even personality quirks.

The Impact of ADHD on Daily Life

Both children and adults with ADHD face challenges in various aspects of life:

• Work and School: Trouble focusing on tasks, missing deadlines, and difficulty organising projects can impact academic and career success.

• Relationships: Impulsivity or inattentiveness may cause frustration in friendships, marriages, or professional relationships.

• Self-Esteem: Repeatedly facing challenges or being misunderstood can lead to low self-esteem, anxiety, or depression.

ADHD Diagnosis: What to Expect

A proper ADHD diagnosis is essential for understanding the condition and implementing effective strategies for managing it. ADHD is diagnosed by a healthcare professional, such as a clinical psychologist, psychiatrist, or paediatrician.

Steps to Diagnosis:

1. Initial Consultation: A healthcare professional will discuss your or your child’s symptoms, medical history, and how the symptoms impact daily life.

2. ADHD Assessment Tools: Various tests and questionnaires are used to assess ADHD symptoms. Tools such as the Conners Rating Scales or ADHD Rating Scales help provide objective measurements of behaviour and attention.

3. Observations and Feedback: Information from family members, teachers, or colleagues may also be requested to provide a well-rounded view of the individual’s behaviour in different settings.

4. Ruling Out Other Conditions: Many symptoms of ADHD overlap with other conditions like anxiety, depression, or learning disabilities. A thorough evaluation ensures an accurate diagnosis.

ADHD Assessments at ADHD North East

At ADHD North East, we pride ourselves on our efficient, high-quality ADHD assessments. Our team offers thorough, unbiased assessments, with a clear focus on non-medical support. We take into account each individual’s unique history and provide guidance and tailored recommendations.

ADHD Treatment Options

Once diagnosed, various treatment options are available to manage ADHD. The best approach often involves a combination of strategies tailored to the individual’s needs.

Medication:

• Stimulant Medications: These are the most common treatment for ADHD. Medications like methylphenidate (Ritalin) or amphetamines (Adderall) increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain, improving focus and reducing impulsivity.

• Non-Stimulant Medications: For those who don’t respond well to stimulants, non-stimulants like atomoxetine (Strattera) or guanfacine (Intuniv) can be effective alternatives.

Behavioural Therapies:

• Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT): CBT helps individuals with ADHD develop strategies to manage impulsive behaviours, time management, and emotional regulation.

• Coaching and Skills Training: ADHD coaching helps individuals with ADHD develop practical skills, such as managing schedules, improving organisational habits, and tackling procrastination.

Non-Medical Support: A Holistic Approach

At ADHD North East, we strongly believe in the benefits of non-medical support for ADHD. While medication can be useful for some, many individuals benefit from coaching, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments to manage their symptoms effectively. Our non-medical support services focus on empowering individuals to develop the skills they need to manage their ADHD without reliance on medication.

Educational Support:

Schools and workplaces can provide accommodations like extended time on tests or assignments, organisational tools, and flexible workspaces, which can make a significant difference for individuals with ADHD.

Lifestyle and Self-Management Strategies:

• Diet and Nutrition: A balanced diet with a focus on whole grains, lean proteins, and fruits and vegetables can help stabilise mood and energy levels.

• Exercise: Physical activity has been shown to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain.

• Sleep: Good sleep hygiene is crucial. Inconsistent or poor-quality sleep can exacerbate ADHD symptoms.

ADHD Myths and Misconceptions

There are numerous myths surrounding ADHD, many of which contribute to stigma or misunderstanding of the condition. Some of the most common misconceptions include:

• “ADHD isn’t real.” ADHD is a well-documented, neurobiological disorder supported by decades of scientific research.

• “ADHD only affects children.” While symptoms may be more noticeable in children, ADHD can persist into adulthood. In fact, many adults are only diagnosed later in life.

• “ADHD medication is dangerous.” When properly prescribed and monitored by a healthcare professional, ADHD medication can be safe and highly effective. However, it’s important to use medication as part of a broader treatment plan that includes behavioural strategies.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About ADHD

1. Can adults develop ADHD later in life?

No, ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood, but symptoms may not be recognised until adulthood. Changes in life circumstances, such as becoming a parent or taking on new work responsibilities, may trigger recognition of ADHD in later years.

2. Is ADHD overdiagnosed?

There is ongoing debate about the potential overdiagnosis of ADHD. However, many experts believe ADHD remains underdiagnosed, particularly in women and minority groups.

3. Can ADHD be cured?

ADHD cannot be cured, but it can be managed effectively through a combination of therapies, lifestyle changes, and medication when necessary. With the right support, individuals with ADHD can lead successful and fulfilling lives.

4. Is ADHD just about hyperactivity?

No, while hyperactivity is one component, ADHD often involves significant challenges with inattention, focus, memory, and organisation, even in individuals who aren’t outwardly hyperactive.

Why Choose ADHD North East for ADHD Support?

At ADHD North East, we understand that ADHD is different for everyone. We offer fast, high-quality ADHD assessments and provide a full range of non-medical support options, including coaching and therapy. Our holistic approach aims to empower individuals with ADHD to lead fulfilling, balanced lives.

If you suspect that you or a loved one may have ADHD, contact us today to learn more about our assessment services and how we can support you on your journey.